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Work on Earth’s Climate and Other Complex Systems Earns Nobel Prize in Physics
...the spin glass, and how, in general, the evolution of a complex system as a whole relates to the dynamics of the individual parts that make it up, have allowed...
Single Cells Evolve Large Multicellular Forms in Just Two Years
...his colleagues report that over the course of nearly two years of evolution, they have induced unicellular yeasts to grow into multicellular clusters of immense size, going from microscopic to...
Mathematical Analysis of Fruit Fly Wings Hints at Evolution’s Limits
A painstaking study of wing morphology shows both the striking uniformity of individuals in a species and a subtle pattern of linked variations that evolution can exploit. Two years ago,...
Biologists Rethink the Logic Behind Cells’ Molecular Signals
...permits evolution rather than frustrating it. And it could explain why molecular medicine is often so hard: why many candidate drugs don’t do what we hoped, and how we might...
Karen Miga Fills In the Missing Pieces of Our Genome
...models and rates of evolution, and they offer new genetic information to help us understand genome structure and function. We have essentially opened the door to studying many gene families,...
The Complex Truth About ‘Junk DNA’
...when the geneticist and evolutionary biologist Susumu Ohno used it to argue that large genomes would inevitably harbor sequences, passively accumulated over many millennia, that did not encode any proteins....
The New Thermodynamic Understanding of Clocks
...against which to gauge the evolution of other observables. Physicists have struggled to understand how the time of quantum mechanics can be reconciled with the notion of time as the...
The Brain Doesn’t Think the Way You Think It Does
...evolution, examining the progressive specialization of behavioral systems. “Functional subdivisions do exist in the brain,” he said. “And they actually have an evolutionary history to them. If we could identify...
This Physicist Discovered an Escape From Hawking’s Black Hole Paradox
...in. So this entropy measures ignorance. Page’s discovery was that if you assume that the evolution of the universe doesn’t lose information, then, if you start out with zero ignorance...