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Scientists Unveil New Inventory of Universe’s Dark Contents
...— dark energy and dark matter — are mental place holders for unknown physics. “Dark energy” refers to whatever is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate, as astronomers...
Cryptographers Discover a New Foundation for Quantum Secrecy
...to information security in the 1980s, a few researchers discovered that computational hardness wasn’t the only way to safeguard secrets. Quantum theory, originally developed to understand the physics of atoms,...
Neutrinos Hint of Matter-Antimatter Rift
An early sign that neutrinos behave differently than antineutrinos suggests an answer to one of the biggest questions in physics. As neutrinos and antineutrinos change flavors they may illuminate the...
Physicists Rewrite a Quantum Rule That Clashes With Our Universe
...of Harvard University have collaborated on an effort to replace unitarity in quantum physics with an alternative rule called isometry. Bianca Dittrich, of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, struck...
Particle Physicists Puzzle Over a New Duality
A hidden link has been found between two seemingly unrelated particle collision outcomes. It’s the latest example of a mysterious web of mathematical connections between disparate theories of physics. Last...
Mass and Angular Momentum, Left Ambiguous by Einstein, Get Defined
...mathematical physicist Roger Penrose, another pioneer of black hole physics, identified the task of characterizing quasilocal mass — “where one does not need to go ‘all the way to infinity’...
Beyond the Second Law
...law of thermodynamics has reigned over physics, chemistry, engineering and biology. Now, an upgrade is underway. Thermodynamics — the study of energy — originated during the 1800s, as steam engines...
Major Quantum Computing Strategy Suffers Serious Setbacks
...Nature in April. Yet despite this problem, even the field’s critics find the science too promising to ignore. “The physics behind the creation of Majoranas is well understood theoretically,” said...
Physicists Nail Down the ‘Magic Number’ That Shapes the Universe
...no understanding,” as Richard Feynman described it. Paul Dirac considered the origin of the number “the most fundamental unsolved problem of physics.” Numerically, the fine-structure constant, denoted by the Greek...