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Science, Promise and Peril in the Age of AI
An exploration of how artificial intelligence is changing what it means to do science and math, and what it means to be a scientist....
When ChatGPT Broke an Entire Field: An Oral History
...in front of it to output into whatever language you wanted. But machine translation systems are literal. So if you have a math problem that says, “John and Mary have...
What the Most Essential Terms in AI Really Mean
...John McCarthy, who coined the phrase in 1955. Over the following decades, the ideas and practices associated with artificial intelligence have intersected with fields as diverse as cognitive science, machine...
The Physicist Working to Build Science-Literate AI
By training machine learning models with examples of basic science, Miles Cranmer hopes to push the pace of scientific discovery forward. Physics dazzled Miles Cranmer from an early age. His...
How Public Key Cryptography Really Works, Using Only Simple Math
The security system that underlies the internet makes use of a curious fact: You can broadcast part of your encryption to make your information much more secure. For thousands of...
The Computer Scientist Who Builds Big Pictures From Small Details
To better understand how machines learn, Lenka Zdeborová treats them like physical materials. As a teenager in the Czech Republic, Lenka Zdeborová glimpsed her future in an Isaac Asimov novel....
How ‘Embeddings’ Encode What Words Mean — Sort Of
Machines work with words by embedding their relationships with other words in a string of numbers. A picture may be worth a thousand words, but how many numbers is a...
What Is Machine Learning?
Neural networks and other forms of machine learning ultimately learn by trial and error, one improvement at a time. By now, many people think they know what machine learning is:...
Does AI Know What an Apple Is? She Aims to Find Out.
The computer scientist Ellie Pavlick is translating philosophical concepts such as “meaning” into concrete, testable ideas. Start talking to Ellie Pavlick about her work — looking for evidence of understanding...